These are some notes for the Digital electronics. These pdf contains various topics that we covred in the classes.
topics are :
1. Difference between analog and digital signal.
2. Number systems -
Number system refers to the system that is used to represent data in number format. there are many nuber systems :
- Decimal Number System (Base 10)
- The decimal system is the most commonly used number system in everyday life. Each digit's position represents a power of 10.It uses 10 distinct values 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9. hence it's radix is 10.
- Binary Number System (Base 2)
- The binary system is used primarily in computing and digital electronics. Each digit's position represents a power of 2.This system uses only two symbols 0 and 1. Hence it's base or radix is 2.
- Octal Number System (Base 8)
- The octal system is sometimes used in computing as a shorthand for binary. Each digit's position represents a power of 8. This system uses 8 distinct symbols. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7. Hence it' radix is 8.
- Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16)
- The hexadecimal system is commonly used in programming and computer science as a compact way to represent binary data. Each digit's position represents a power of 16.It uses 16 values to represent data. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 and 15. Hence it's radix is 16.
3. Conversion of number systems,Binary Arthematics, Gray code, Excess 3 code and BCD code
These topic will be complex...
I prefer to read the first pdf so that you can understand these because these contains lots of formulas and calculations.
4. Logic Gates.
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After complex topics here the simple topic comes named Logic Gates. In this we learn about some gates used to solve logical expressions.
5. NAND and NOR gate as universal gate -
NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates because you can use them to create any other type of logic gate, including AND, OR, and NOT gates.
6. Posulates of Boolean Algebra
A statement that is not proved but assumed as true is called posulates. Some of the rules are :
- Commutative Law
- A+B = B+A
- A.B = B.A
- Associative Law
- (A+B)+C = A+(B+C)
- (A.B).C = A.(B.C)
- Distributive Law
- A(B+C) = AB + AC
- A + BC = (A+B). (A+C)
- Identity Law
- A+A=A
- A.A = A
- Absorption Law
- A + A.B = A
- A.(A+B) = A
- Complement rule
- A + A' = 1
- A * A' = 0\
some basic rules are :
7. SOP AND POS
- SOP :
- It is one of the ways of writing a Boolean expression. As the name suggests, it is formed by adding (OR operation) the product terms. These product terms are also called as ‘min-terms’. Min-terms are represented with ‘m’, they are the product(AND operation) of Boolean variables either in normal form or complemented form.
- POS :
- As the name suggests, it is formed by multiplying(AND operation) the sum terms. These sum terms are also called as ‘max-terms’. Maxterms are represented with ‘M’, they are the sum (OR operation) of Boolean variables either in normal form or complemented form.
8. K map
here the king comes, this is the simple and most important topic of the syllabus.
What it is?
This is the visual representation of the expression in this we can easily represent the logical expression in blocks. the structure is:
For deeper knowledge you have to read the notes.
thank you, I hope thse notes will help you to understand topics.